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Course Test

Nightmares are frequently one of the most common symptoms of: [Help]

A Depression.

B PTSD.

C Bipolar disorder.

D ADHD.

Studying nightmares within the context of what precipitated them has the potential to: [Help]

A Heal the source of the nightmare.

B Find prevention strategies.

C Provide soothing and grounding.

D All of the above

Nightmares are defined as: [Help]

A Long complicated dreams.

B Upsetting dreams that occur at the edges of sleep in the hypnopompic or hypnogogic zone.

C Dreams that you would rather not remember.

D Disturbing dreams that engender emotions of fear, dread, anxiety, or pain.

The primary reason it is important for clinicians to have a solid understanding of how to work with nightmares is: [Help]

A It is not adequately taught in graduate schools or training programs.

B Clients bring their dreams into sessions.

C Nightmares are a primary feature of trauma and distress, and unresolved they can block treatment progress.

D They often interfere with sleep.

The statement "Nightmares can be biologically adaptive" means: [Help]

A Everyone has nightmares.

B Nightmares can be developmentally normative.

C They are biological features of all mammals and quite possibly all animals.

D They provide an opportunity for threat simulation and rehearsal strategies.

Research indicates that nightmares experienced by combat veterans often serve to: [Help]

A Reduce PTSD.

B Help the veterans work through the trauma.

C Act as triggers or cues that actually heighten the daytime distress and trigger more nightmares.

D Bring them into treatment.

We can ascertain that a traumatic event has been adequately resolved when: [Help]

A The emotions of fear and terror in dreams no longer predominate, and the emotional story of the dreams is calm or neutral.

B The client no longer talks about it in session.

C They no longer remember their dreams or nightmares.

D The client no longer features as the main character in their dream or nightmare story.

We work slowly and carefully with nightmares because: [Help]

A We are often unsure of how to proceed.

B The client should take the lead, and we should not prompt them in exploration of their nightmare.

C We want to avoid abreaction or inadvertently triggering a trauma response.

D Nightmares and dreams have multiple layers of meaning.

Hartman makes the case that this should be the primary guide for the dreamer and dream worker: [Help]

A The storyline of the dream

B The emotions in the dream

C The characters in the dream

D Repetitive themes or images

Keeping a dream journal is important because: [Help]

A It is hard to remember details if they are not recorded.

B They allow us to track our progress on an issue.

C We can better keep track of recurring themes or image.

D All of the above

Ideally, we want the nightmare to be resolved with the emotional narrative that accompanies it at: [Help]

A The same SUDS level as it was in the beginning.

B Going up and down throughout the dreamwork.

C The SUDS level lower than it was at the beginning of the work on the dream.

D The ability to rate the level of distress in the nightmare

One of the similarities between nightmare resolution and trauma treatment is: [Help]

A A change in the perspective can influence the reaction to and understanding of the material.

B It is always better to work in a group setting.

C The therapist needs to avoid making suggestions or influencing the work.

D It is better to work as quickly as possible with the material.

Big-T trauma or nightmares generally refers to: [Help]

A Traumatic events that occur behind closed doors.

B Developmental life stage events.

C Trauma that includes violence, abuse, war, or natural disasters.

D Inherited family trauma.

Methylation refers to: [Help]

A Slow careful trauma work.

B Epigenetic chemical changes in the gene marker.

C Good dream digestion.

D A state of vulnerability following traumatic events.

Building a bridge between sleeping and waking life allows us to: [Help]

A Notice connections and parallels between the two.

B See how synchronicities and deja vu experiences might replicate dream themes.

C Work with associations to dream and waking life symbols to find deeper meanings.

D All the above

Trauma may be defined as: [Help]

A Large life events that are upsetting.

B An injury to our physical, emotional, spiritual, or energetic bodies; witnessed or experienced.

C Only upsetting events that happen to us personally.

D An event that triggers memories in us.

Triggering implies that: [Help]

A The trauma is still ongoing.

B Nightmares reactivate the original trauma.

C A relatively neutral event causes a large distress reaction similar to the traumatic situation.

D The dreamer or client is over-reacting.

Epigenetic studies have shown us that: [Help]

A Trauma can be inherited through learned behavior and through DNA in family systems.

B Abusive behaviors tend to be passed on in the family.

C Parenting styles have nothing to do with ancestry or learned behaviors.

D The past and the present exist on a strict linear basis in time.

Poly-vagal Theory proposes that: [Help]

A Nightmares can be repetitive until they are resolved.

B The body can retain the trauma response even when the threat or danger is gone.

C There are multiple ways of working with both trauma and nightmares.

D The body responds to acute but not chronic trauma.

Public and private trauma is largely differentiated by: [Help]

A The presence or absence of witnesses or pictures/videos.

B How large a scale event(s) it was; that is, how many were involved.

C Whether or not the survivor is believed about their report of trauma.

D When there are differing opinions about the event

A clinical DSM diagnosis of PTSD includes the following criteria: [Help]

A Depression, anxiety, and nightmares

B Avoidance strategies, phobias, and personality disorder

C Heightened startle response, rage attacks, and nightmares that persist for over a year

D Intrusive thoughts and flashbacks, negative thought patterns, and hypervigilance

Dissociation is an aspect of PTSD that is: [Help]

A Characterized by alternating hyperarousal and constriction.

B A rarely seen unusual aspect of traumatic stress.

C Is a breakdown in the continuity of a person’s sense of time and space and a splitting of awareness.

D Best addressed through talking and processing.

Healthy "dream digestion" refers to: [Help]

A Recalling and journaling our dreams and nightmares.

B Memory re-consolidation; where we sort through our memory networks and discern what will be kept, and what released.

C The ability to create associations to the dreamt material in waking life.

D Being able to sort through the symbols and metaphors in a dream or nightmare.

Dr. Guy Leschziner proposes that nightmares are unfinished dreams because: [Help]

A We can have repetitive dreams and nightmares on a variety of topics.

B The emotional narrative is negative and intense.

C We wake before we finish the dream when the brain is not able to reduce the emotional intensity.

D Repetitive nightmares are simply replaying the traumatic events over and over.

Dr. Ernest Hartman suggests that in general our distressing dreams follow emotionally charged life events because: [Help]

A The dream functions of sorting and problem solving give us opportunities to resolve the issue in our sleep.

B It allows us to experience mastery without having to face the danger again in waking life.

C The sleeping brain can sort through neural networks and make cross connections that our waking brain cannot do.

D All of the above

Unprocessed or dissociated memory may appear in dreams directly or indirectly because: [Help]

A Trauma frequently can become lodged in the body beyond the reach of language.

B Dreams tend to use symbol and metaphor to encode their meanings.

C Trauma shows up in dreams as repetitive replays of the original event.

D The dreamer made a conscious decision to not remember upsetting events.

The nightmare protocol of Guided Active Imagination Approach is organized by these two main principles: [Help]

A Jungian depth dreamwork and EMDR.

B Current best practice trauma treatment and Jungian depth psychology.

C Body-oriented psychotherapies and gestalt dreamwork.

D Addressing dissociation through dreamwork and body-oriented practices

The first step in the GAIA method of nightmare healing is: [Help]

A Addressing the bridge between waking and sleeping life.

B Toggling back and forth between working inside and outside of the dream.

C Interacting with the dream characters in a gestalt or dream theater style.

D Creating safety and the ingathering of resources.

Active imagination is a Jungian term that implies: [Help]

A Using our imagination to understand the meanings of the dream.

B Dropping down into the dream landscape to interact with the dream and the characters therein. It is a tool for transformation.

C Uncovering what our dissociated memories are trying to have us recall.

D Finding safe people, objects, and places before engaging in the nightmare material

We spend a great deal of time establishing safety and resources before diving into the depth of the nightmare because: [Help]

A This corresponds with best practice trauma interventions.

B We want to avoid abreaction responses or re-traumatization with our clients.

C To build a scaffolding before the deep dive into the nightmare itself.

D All of the above

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